Selelekela sa sengoloa:

NAD+ e bohlokoa ho theheng matla 'meleng le taolong ea lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa cellular.Mona ke hore na ke hobane'ng ha e le bohlokoa hakana, hore na e fumanoe joang, le hore na u ka e fumana joang.

Kamoo NAD+ e Matla

Bula buka efe kapa efe ea thuto ea baeloji 'me u tla ithuta ka NAD+, e emelang nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.Ke coenzyme ea bohlokoa e fumanehang seleng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe 'meleng oa hau e amehang lits'ebetsong tse makholo tsa metabolism joalo ka matla a cellular le bophelo bo botle ba mitochondrial.NAD + e sebetsa ka thata liseleng tsa batho le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang, tomoso le libaktheria, esita le limela.

Bo-rasaense ba tsebile ka NAD+ ho tloha ha e qala ho sibolloa ka 1906, 'me ho tloha ka nako eo kutloisiso ea rona ea bohlokoa ba eona e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha.Mohlala, NAD+ precursor niacin e phethile karolo ea ho fokotsa pellagra, lefu le bolaeang le ileng la hlasela Amerika boroa lilemong tsa bo-1900.Bo-rasaense ka nako eo ba ile ba tseba hore lebese le tomoso, tseo ka bobeli li nang le li-precursor tsa NAD +, li ne li fokotsa matšoao.Ha nako e ntse e ea bo-ramahlale ba ile ba supa li-precursor tsa NAD + tse 'maloa - ho kenyeletsoa nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, le nicotinamide riboside, hara tse ling - tse sebelisang litsela tsa tlhaho tse lebisang NAD+.Nahana ka li-precursor tsa NAD+ e le litsela tse fapaneng tseo u ka li nkang ho fihla moo u eang.Litsela tsohle li u isa sebakeng se le seng empa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea lipalangoang.

Haufinyane tjena, NAD+ e fetohile molek'hule ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa mahlale ka lebaka la karolo ea eona ea mantlha mesebetsing ea tlhaho.Sechaba sa mahlale se ntse se etsa lipatlisiso ka hore na NAD+ e amana joang le melemo e hlokomelehang liphoofolong tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho susumetsa bafuputsi ho fetolela liphuputso tsena ho batho.Joale NAD+ e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa hakae?Ka bokhutšoane, ke "coenzyme" kapa "molek'hule" ea "mothusi", e tlamellang li-enzyme tse ling ho thusa ho baka karabelo boemong ba molek'hule.

Empa 'mele ha o na phepelo e sa feleng ea NAD+.Ha e le hantle, e hlile e fokotseha ka lilemo.Nalane ea lipatlisiso tsa NAD+, le ho thehoa ha eona haufinyane sechabeng sa mahlale, e butse likhoro bakeng sa bo-ramahlale ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa ho boloka maemo a NAD+ le ho fumana NAD+ e eketsehileng.

Nalane ea NAD+ ke efe?

NAD+ e qalile ho tsejoa e le Sir Arthur Harden le William John Young ka 1906 ha bobeli ba bona ba ne ba ikemiselitse ho utloisisa beliso - moo tomoso e fetolang tsoekere le ho hlahisa joala le CO2.Ho nkile lilemo tse ka bang 20 bakeng sa kananelo e eketsehileng ea NAD+, ha Harden a arolelana Khau ea 1929 ea Nobel in Chemistry le Hans von Euler-Chelpin bakeng sa mosebetsi oa bona oa ho belisa.Euler-Chelpin o hlokometse hore sebopeho sa NAD + se entsoe ka li-nucleotide tse peli, li-block tsa li-nucleic acid, tse etsang DNA.Ho fumana hore ho belisoa, ts'ebetso ea metabolic, e itšetlehileng ka NAD+ e ne e tšoantšetsa seo re se tsebang hona joale ka NAD+ e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa metabolism ho batho.

Euler-Chelpin, puong ea hae ea Moputso oa Nobel ea 1930, o ile a bua ka NAD+ e le cosymase, seo e kileng ea bitsoa ka sona, ho fana ka matla a eona.O ile a re: "Lebaka la hore re etse mosebetsi o mongata oa tlhoekiso le boikemisetso ba molao oa motheo oa ntho ena, ke hore cosymase ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse susumetsang tse atileng haholo le tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng la limela le liphoofolo."

Otto Heinrich Warburg - ea tsejoang ka "phello ea Warburg" - o ile a sutumelletsa mahlale pele ka bo-1930, ka lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele ho hlalosa NAD+ e bapala karolo ea karabelo ea metabolic.Ka 1931, litsebi tsa k'hemistri Conrad A. Elvehjem le CK Koehn ba ile ba fumana hore nicotinic acid, e leng selelekela sa NAD+, e ne e le eona e fokotsang pellagra.Ngaka ea Ts'ebeletso ea Bophelo bo Botle ea United States Joseph Goldberger o ne a kile a supa hore lefu lena le bolaeang le amana le ho hong ho haellang lijong, tseo a ileng a li bitsa PPF bakeng sa "pellagra preventive factor".Goldberger o ile a hlokahala pele ho sibolloa ho qetela hore e ne e le nicotinic acid, empa litlatsetso tsa hae li ile tsa lebisa ho sibolloeng, e ileng ea boela ea tsebisa molao oa morao-rao o laelang hore ho be le liqhobosheane tsa phofo le raese lefatšeng ka bophara.

Lilemong tse leshome tse latelang, Arthur Kornberg, eo hamorao a ileng a hapa Khau ea Nobel bakeng sa ho bontša kamoo DNA le RNA li thehoang kateng, ho sibollotsoe NAD synthetase, enzyme e etsang NAD +.Patlisiso ena e tšoaile qalo ea ho utloisisa meaho ea NAD+.Ka 1958, bo-ramahlale Jack Preiss le Philip Handler ba ile ba hlalosa seo hona joale se tsejoang e le tsela ea Preiss-Handler.Tsela e bontša kamoo nicotinic acid - mofuta o tšoanang oa vithamine B3 o thusitseng ho phekola pellagra - e fetoha NAD +.Sena se thusitse bo-ramahlale ho tsoela pele ho utloisisa karolo ea NAD + lijong.Hamorao Handler o ile a fumana Khau ea Naha ea Saense ho tsoa ho Mopresidente Ronald Reagan, ea ileng a qotsa "tlatsetso e ikhethang ea Handler ho lipatlisiso tsa biomedical…ho ntšetsa pele boemo ba mahlale a Amerika."

Le hoja bo-rasaense ba ne ba se ba hlokometse bohlokoa ba NAD +, ba ne ba e-s'o fumane tšusumetso ea eona e rarahaneng boemong ba liselefouno.Theknoloji e tlang ea lipatlisiso tsa saense hammoho le temoho e felletseng ea bohlokoa ba coenzyme qetellong e khothalelitse bo-rasaense ho tsoela pele ho ithuta molek'hule.

NAD+ e sebetsa joang 'meleng?

NAD+ e sebetsa joalo ka bese ea shuttle, e fetisetsa lielektrone ho tloha molek'hule e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe ka har'a lisele ho etsa mefuta eohle ea karabelo le lits'ebetso.Ka molek'hule oa eona oa limolek'hule, NADH, molek'hule ena ea bohlokoa e nka karolo mekhoeng e fapaneng ea metabolism e hlahisang matla a lisele tsa rona.Ntle le maemo a lekaneng a NAD+, lisele tsa rona li ne li ke ke tsa khona ho hlahisa matla a ho phela le ho etsa mesebetsi ea tsona.Mesebetsi e meng ea NAD+ e kenyelletsa ho laola morethetho oa rona oa circadian, o laolang potoloho ea 'mele ea rona ea ho robala / ho tsoha.

Ha re ntse re tsofala, maemo a NAD + a oa, a fana ka maikutlo a bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea metabolism le mafu a amanang le lilemo.Tšenyo ea DNA e bokellana le li-snowballs ka botsofali.

Ho etsahala'ng ha maemo a NAD + a fokotsehile?

Lithuto tse ngata li bonts'a maemo a fokotsehileng a NAD+ maemong a khathatso a limatlafatsi, joalo ka botenya le botsofali.Ho fokotseha ha maemo a NAD + ho ka lebisa mathateng a metabolism.Mathata ana a ka baka mathata, ho kenyelletsa botenya le ho hana insulin.Botenya bo baka lefu la tsoekere le khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Mathata a metabolism a bakoang ke boemo bo tlase ba NAD + bo theoha.Khatello e phahameng ea mali le ho fokotseha ho hong ha tšebetso ea pelo ho ka romela maqhubu a kotsi a khatello bokong a ka lebisang ho holofala ha kelello.

Ho shebisisa metabolism ea NAD+ ke ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea phepo e nepahetseng ho sireletsa khahlanong le mafu a metabolic le a mang a amanang le lilemo.Lihlopha tse 'maloa li entse lithuto tse bonts'ang hore ho tlatselletsa ka li-booster tsa NAD+ ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa insulin ho tsoa ho botenya.Mefuteng ea litoeba tsa mafu a amanang le lilemo, ho tlatselletsa ka li-booster tsa NAD + ho ntlafatsa matšoao a mafu.Sena se fana ka maikutlo a ho fokotseha ha maemo a NAD + ka lilemo a ka kenya letsoho ho qaleng ha mafu a amanang le lilemo.

Ho thibela ho fokotseha ha NAD + ho fana ka leano le ts'episang la ho loants'a mathata a metabolism ka lilemo.Ha maemo a NAD + a fokotseha ka lilemo, sena se ka lebisa ho fokotseng tokiso ea DNA, karabelo ea khatello ea cellular, le taolo ea metabolism ea matla.

Melemo e ka Tsoang

NAD+ e bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea mefuta ea mitochondrial le taolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso mabapi le botsofali.Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba NAD + 'meleng ea rona bo fokotseha haholo ka lilemo."Ha re ntse re tsofala, re lahleheloa ke NAD +.Ha u le lilemo li 50, u se u e-na le hoo e ka bang halofo ea tekanyo eo u kileng ua ba le eona ha u le lilemo li 20,” ho boletse David Sinclair oa Univesithi ea Harvard puisanong le eena.

Boithuto bo bontšitse ho fokotseha ha molek'hule e amanang le mafu a amanang le botsofali ho kenyelletsa botsofali bo potlakileng, mathata a metabolism, lefu la pelo le neurodegeneration.Maemo a tlase a NAD + a amahanngoa le lefu le amanang le lilemo ka lebaka la metabolism e sa sebetseng hantle.Empa ho tlatsa maemo a NAD+ ho hlahisitse litlamorao tse khahlanong le botsofali mefuteng ea liphoofolo, ho bonts'a litholoana tse ts'episang ho khutlisa mafu a amanang le lilemo, ho eketsa nako ea bophelo le bophelo bo botle.

Ho tsofala

Li tsejoa e le “bahlokomeli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso,” li-sirtuin ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sireletsang lintho tse phelang, ho tloha ho limela ho ea ho liphoofolo tse anyesang, khahlanong le ho senyeha le maloetse.Ha liphatsa tsa lefutso li utloa 'mele o le tlas'a khatello ea 'mele, e kang ho ikoetlisa kapa tlala, e romela masole ho sireletsa' mele.Li-Sirtuins li boloka botšepehi ba genome, li khothalletsa tokiso ea DNA 'me li bontšitse thepa e khahlanong le botsofali liphoofolong tsa mohlala tse kang ho eketseha ha nako ea bophelo.

NAD + ke mafura a etsang hore liphatsa tsa lefutso li sebetse.Empa joalo ka ha koloi e sa khone ho khanna ntle le mafura a eona, li-sirtuin li hloka NAD +.Liphetho tse tsoang lithutong li bonts'a hore ho phahamisa boemo ba NAD+ 'meleng ho kenya li-sirtuin mme ho eketsa nako ea bophelo ho tomoso, liboko le litoeba.Leha ho tlatsa NAD+ ho bonts'a liphetho tse ts'episang mefuteng ea liphoofolo, bo-ramahlale ba ntse ba ithuta hore na liphetho tsena li ka fetolela batho joang.

Mosebetsi oa mesifa

Joalo ka matla a 'mele, ts'ebetso ea mitochondrial e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea rona ea boikoetliso.NAD+ ke e 'ngoe ea linotlolo tsa ho boloka mitochondria e phetseng hantle le tlhahiso e tsitsitseng ea matla.

Ho eketsa maemo a NAD + mesifa ho ka ntlafatsa mitochondria le ho phela hantle ho litoeba.Lithuto tse ling li boetse li bonts'a hore litoeba tse nkang li-booster tsa NAD + li tšesaane 'me li ka matha ho ea pele holim'a treadmill, li bonts'a matla a holimo a boikoetliso.Liphoofolo tse tsofetseng tse nang le boemo bo phahameng ba NAD+ li feta lithaka tsa tsona.

Mathata a metabolism

Ho boleloa hore ke seoa ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO), botenya ke bo bong ba mafu a atileng haholo sechabeng sa kajeno.Botenya bo ka lebisa mathateng a mang a metabolism a kang lefu la tsoekere, le bolaileng batho ba limilione tse 1.6 lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2016.

Lijo tsa botsofali le mafura a mangata li fokotsa boemo ba NAD + 'meleng.Boithuto bo bonts'itse hore ho nka li-booster tsa NAD + ho ka fokotsa boima ba 'mele bo amanang le lijo le lilemo ho litoeba le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba bona ba boikoetliso, leha litoeba tse tsofetseng.Lithuto tse ling li bile tsa fetola phello ea lefu la tsoekere ho litoeba tse tšehali, tse bonts'ang maano a macha a ho loants'a mathata a metabolism.

Mosebetsi oa pelo

Ho saroloha ha methapo ea mali ho sebetsa e le tšireletso pakeng tsa maqhubu a khatello a romeloang ke ho otla ha pelo.Empa methapo ea mali e satalla ha re ntse re tsofala, e leng se tlatsetsang khatellong e phahameng ea mali, e leng mabaka a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa a kotsi bakeng sa lefu la pelo.CDC e tlaleha hore motho a le mong o bolaoa ke lefu la pelo metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 37 United States feela.

Khatello e phahameng ea mali e ka baka pelo e atolositsoeng le ho thiba methapo ea mali e lebisang ho stroke.Ho phahamisa maemo a NAD + ho fana ka tšireletso pelong, ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea pelo.Ho litoeba, li-boost tsa NAD+ li tlatsitse maemo a NAD+ ka pelong ho ea maemong a mantlha le ho thibela likotsi tse tsoang pelong tse bakoang ke khaello ea phallo ea mali.Liphuputso tse ling li bonts'itse hore li-booster tsa NAD + li ka sireletsa litoeba ho atolosong e sa tloaelehang ea pelo.

Na NAD+ e eketsa nako ea bophelo?

E, ho joalo.Haeba u ne u le toeba.Ho eketsa NAD+ ka li-booster, joalo ka NMN le NR, ho ka lelefatsa nako ea bophelo le bophelo bo botle ho litoeba.

Maemo a eketsehileng a NAD + a fana ka phello e itekanetseng ka ho lelefatsa bophelo ba litoeba.Ho sebelisa selelekela sa NAD +, NR, bo-rasaense ba fumane thutong e phatlalalitsoeng hoSaense, 2016, tlatsetso ea NR e eketsa bophelo ba litoeba ka liperesente tse hlano.

Maemo a matlafalitsoeng a NAD + a boetse a fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le mafu a fapaneng a amanang le lilemo.Tšireletso khahlanong le maloetse a amanang le lilemo e bolela ho phela bophelo bo botle ka nako e telele, ho eketsa bophelo bo botle.

Ebile, bo-ramahlale ba bang ba khahlanong le botsofali joalo ka Sinclair ba nka liphetho thutong ea liphoofolo li atlehile hore bona, ba nka li-booster tsa NAD +.Leha ho le joalo, bo-rasaense ba bang ba kang Felipe Sierra oa setsi sa naha sa botsofali ho NIH ha ba nahane hore moriana o se o lokile.“Ntlha ea bohlokoa ke hore ha ke leke letho la lintho tsena.Hobaneng ke sa etse joalo?Hobane ha ke tweba,” a rialo.

Ho litoeba, ho batla “seliba sa bocha” ho ka be ho felile.Leha ho le joalo, ho batho, bo-rasaense baa lumela hore ha re e-s’o be teng.Liteko tsa bongaka tsa NMN le NR ho batho li ka fana ka sephetho lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang.

Bokamoso ba NAD+

Ha "leqhubu la silevera" le ntse le kenella, tharollo ea mafu a sa foleng a amanang le lilemo ho phahamisa moroalo oa bophelo bo botle le moruo e ba kapele.Bo-rasaense ba ka be ba fumane tharollo e ka bang teng: NAD+.

E bitsoa "molek'hule ea mohlolo" bakeng sa bokhoni ba ho khutlisetsa le ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba lisele, NAD+ e bonts'itse menyetla e fapaneng ea ho alafa mafu a pelo, lefu la tsoekere, lefu la Alzheimer le botenya mefuteng ea liphoofolo.Leha ho le joalo, ho utloisisa hore na lithuto tsa liphoofolo li ka fetolela batho joang ke mohato o latelang oa bo-rasaense ho netefatsa polokeho le katleho ea molek'hule.

Bo-rasaense ba ikemiselitse ho utloisisa ka botlalo ts'ebetso ea biochemical ea molek'hule mme lipatlisiso tsa NAD + metabolism li ntse li tsoela pele.Lintlha tsa mochine oa molek'hule li ka senola lekunutu la ho tlisa saense e thibelang botsofali ho tloha bencheng ho ea ho bethe.